If you suffer from SI joint pain, chances are you’ve been locked into the same ranges of motion for too long. Shift your mindset in training to find a resolution.
Lifters with ambitious goals are more susceptible to SI Joint injury because of the unique loading that heavy deadlifting, squatting, and swinging place on the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. And, if perfect form were enough to avoid problems, some of the best fitness professionals in the world wouldn’t be suffering the same fate.
I have been exceptionally lucky (possibly even exceptionally smart), but in the years since I’ve adopted a eustress training model, I’ve avoided injuries — save for one. That first and only was a sacroiliac (SI) joint injury from doing something unforgivably stupid in the gym. I did multiple sets of multiple reps of deadlifts at a percentage of 1RM higher than I normally would. On the second rep of the third set of 545, a small firecracker went off in my lower back. By the next day, I couldn’t bend over to put my shoes on.
SI joint pain does not usually begin the way it did for me, with an acute injury. The sensation often begins slowly, with pain radiating down one leg or on one side of the lower back. And, strangely, much of the time those who experience SI joint pain are fairly experienced lifters who use good form (think: a flat or lordodic lower back, good extension throughout the spine and strong hips. Yet pain is present during deadlifts or squats; some people are even in what my friend Frankie Faires calls omni-contextual pain (meaning pain no matter what they’re doing).
The typical advice is to do mobility and corrective work, or to try to resolve strength asymmetries, but I’ve discovered a faster way. Eight weeks after my injury, I pulled a Jefferson Lift of 605 to break an IAWA world record that had stood for over a decade. Just a couple months after that, I cracked the 600 barrier for the first time more conventionally with a 603lb sumo deadlift in competition at a bodyweight of 193.
How, you may ask? The shift in mindset required for resolving this type of pain is understanding what you are doing, what you’re not doing (this is important), working within your limits, moving what’s not moving, and adding more variety of movement to your repertoire of strength. Because this injury is so common, I’ve had a chance to test out these three methods (I’ve provided below) on a number of my clients. And, these three tips helped them to get out of pain and become stronger than they ever were before.
1. Lighten Your Load & Respect Your Limits
First things first: Chill out a little. Crank up the volume on submaximal lifts, and work within your limits. That means if you feel any pain in any movement, it’s beyond your current limitations.
Depending on how recently and seriously you’ve gotten hurt, you may not even be able to pick a pencil off the ground. Whatever you can do, that is where you will start. If you have to place a kettlebell on a box so that it’s only a few inches to the lockout of a deadlift, so be it. If recurring SI joint pain is a problem but isn’t a recent acute injury, you might be able to skip some of the easier steps and start with the bigger lifts, getting you closer to your end goal, which is getting back to the lifts you want to do.
2. Move What’s Not Moving
I’ve seen the most SI joint issues with people who do almost all of their lifting in the same planes, and include the least variety of movement. Moving exclusively in the saggital plane, the squat, deadlift, and swing keep the spine locked in a vertical column, often in slight extension, which is considered the safest position. While this is a good thing for a max-effort lift, we have to retain all the functions of a healthy spine to be able to move without pain. The spine is intended to flex, extend, rotate, and laterally flex. This is non-negiotable. The important piece is respecting your limits. Adding variety and changing the way you lift and move will help you regain ranges of motion you’ve lost. Worth noting: Single-leg variations are nice, but if you examine the motions they are virtually identical to bilateral variations of the same movement, and in fact involve even more rigidity in the same plane. Thus, they may exacerbate SI joint pain. If you’re currently in pain, asymmetrical lifting will give your joints more room to move, while other movements with rotation, anti-rotation and other ranges of motion will help make you stronger in every direction. Get going with these exercises.
Bodyweight Side Bend:
If it seems too simple, it might be because you never do it. A side bend will introduce lateral flexion of the spine, a movement very rarely.
Stand with your hands by your side, and point your fingers down to the floor. Reach down as far as you easily can, then stand back up alternating sides.
Lying on the floor and doing the same side bends is another good variation, that will force you to use lateral flexion, rather than any front to back flexion or extension of the spine.
Standing Alternating Toe Touch:
Straight out of the 1987 Crystal Light National Aerobic Championships, the standing alternating toe touch is a simple exercise with high payoff. The rotation and forward flexion required in this exercise is lost for many people.
Standing with your feet about shoulder-width apart, bend over, and — rounding your back — reach past the outside of your left ankle with your right hand. Reach as far as you easily can, and then stand back up. Alternate sides, reaching as far as you easily can each rep.
Round Your Back:
I know this will ruffle feathers in some circles, but if the spine wasn’t meant to move it would be a bone. Unloaded rounding of your back in both flexion and extension will train ranges of flexion and extension you don’t normally use. The danger in flexion (or extension) occurs at extreme end range of motion with high loads. In his research, Stu McGill found that strongmen are able to “lock” their spines in a rounded position, but not so rounded that it’s in the danger zone. In other words, their back muscles protect their spine by keeping it within its limits. You might not be a strongman, but your function is the same — your limits are just different. Since you won’t be approaching true end range of motion, and won’t be using anything more than bodyweight, this movement is as safe as any exercise can be. Flexing and extending the spine also provides a pumping action for nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid that has no other pump like the heart. Try these two exercises to round in both directions:
Tuck Roll for Flexion:
Tuck yourself into a tight ball and roll forward and backward on your back. If you “clunk” as you roll across one section of your spine, you’ll know that your spine isn’t rounding into an arch. This provides a quick and easy way to assess your progress in restoring spinal flexion.
Wall Walk Bridge for Extension:
The easiest starting point for extension is bridging by walking your hands down a wall you’re facing away from. Don’t go any farther than you’re stable in and comfortable with. Experiment with and explore other bridging progressions once you’ve mastered this.
3. Get Strong in Awkward Positions
Jefferson Lift:
One of my favorite asymmetrical deadlifts is the Jefferson Lift, or Straddle Deadlift. This lift involves stepping over the bar, introducing an offset foot position and rotation through the spine. Lifting in this disadvantaged leverage position will not only help train unused spine angles, but it will also transfer to your traditional deadlift variations.
Set-up is highly individual depending on body leverages and limb lengths. Stand behind the barbell, and step over the bar with your right foot (you’ll switch sides the next set). Your left hand will supinate (palm facing forward), so that your grip is mixed, making the bar easier and more comfortable to hang on to. Your right hand will remain palm facing backwards. Bring your hands down to meet the bar, then adjust your feet, widening your stance if you need to (just make sure no one is in the bathroom stall next to you) until you feel like you have a strong leverage position on the bar. Your knees will track over your toes, but the foot direction is up to you and your leverages. Your upper torso will be rotated to the right. When you feel like you’ve found the strongest leverage, stand up with the bar. Yes, it remains between your legs. No, you will not smash your bits (unless you have incredibly short arms).
Russian Hockey Deadlift:
Introducing rotation from a symmetrical foot position loads up your tissue almost completely on one side, and involves extension and rotation to lift the weight. For those who are strong enough, going heavy provides extra excitement in this lift.
Start out with a dumbbell or kettlebell that’s only about one-sixth of your max deadlift, place it to one side of your body next to the outside of your foot. Hinging at the hips, bend over to the side and grab hold of the weight. In one motion, stand up to the top of the deadlift with the weight in the center of your body as if you were deadlifting normally. Set the weight down on the opposite side. Reset yourself, and pick the weight up again, moving it from one side to the other repeatedly. Properly performed, this only involves a slight rotation in the spine, and very little if any forward flexion or ‘rounding.’
Weighted Side Bend:
Now that you’ve regained a lost movement with the bodyweight side bend listed before, it’s time to add some resistance to your lateral flexion.
Starting with a dumbbell or kettlebell that’s about one-eighth of your max deadlift, reach as far down as you easily can, stand up straight, and alternate sides.
Make More Progress
If you suffer from SI joint pain, chances are you’ve been locked into the same ranges of motion for too long. In a recent article, Tony Gentilcore noted a trend in his clients that too much extension seems to be just as bad as not enough. Getting stronger in awkward leverages in more ranges of motion will pay off no matter what. If your goal is to move as much weight as humanly possible, we’ve found that getting stronger outside of the “ideal position” will carry over to your traditional lifts.
Additionally, I won’t claim to have a cure for all types of Lower back/ SI pain, but by examining the most common movement patterns associated to people being in SI joint pain, in my experience we can often find a solution.
Using the exercises provided above, we’ve been albe to improve and even “fix” many SI joint pain case , which is why we keep them in our programs to add variety to the training and resiliency to our client’s bodies.
Finally, it’s a good idea to always reassess what you’re doing in your training and think about what you might be missing, before it’s too late.
References:
McGill SM, McDermott A, Fenwick CM. Comparison of different strongman events: trunk muscle activation and lumbar spine motion, load, and stiffness. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jul;23(4):1148-61.
